39. Write
the elements of ISO-9001.
Elements:
Management responsibility
Control review
Quality system
Design control
Documents control
Purchasing
Purchaser supplied product
Product identification and traceability
Process control
Inspection and testing
Inspection, measuring and test equipment
Inspection and test status
Control of non-conforming products
Corrective action
Handling, storage, packaging and delivery
Quality records
Training
Internal quality audit
Statistical techniques
Servicing
40. Explain
the Taguchi Methods in quality engineering.
The term quality engineering encompasses a
broad range of engineering and operational activities whose aim is to ensure
that a product’s quality characteristics are at their target values.
Taguchi has an important influence on its
development, especially in the design area-both product and process design.
Robust
design:
An important Taguchi principle is to set specifications on product and process
parameters to create a design that resists failure or reduced performance in
the face of variations.
Taguchi calls the variations noise factors.
A noise factor is a source of variation
that is difficult to control and that affects the functional characteristics of
the product.
Three types of noise factors:
Unit to unit noise factors
Internal noise factors
External noise factors
A Robust design is one in which the
function and performance of the product are relatively insensitive to
variations in any of the noise factor.
41. Write
the types of STANDARDIZATION.
Multitier standardization system
Company/In-plant standards
National standards e.g. BIS
International standards e.g. ISO
Regional standards e.g. Euro-Norms
42. What
do you mean by ISO-9000?
Standardization in order to meet the
requirements of internationally uniform quality system.
43. What
do you mean by ISO-9001?
Model for quality assurance in
design/development production, installation and servicing.
44. What
do you mean by ISO-9002?
Model for quality assurance in production
and installation.
45. What
do you mean by ISO-9003?
Model for quality assurance in final
inspection and test.
46. What
do you mean by ISO-9004?
Quality system and management element
guidelines.
47. What
is ISO-9000? Explain its benefits and limitations.
ISO-9000 series of standards on quality
system was formulated by international organization for standardization in
order to meet the requirements of internationally uniform quality system.
Benefits:
It reduces the need for assessment by
multiple buyers.
This enables to meet the requirements of an
internationally uniform quality system.
Motivates the employees and develops pride
in them for achieving excellence.
If Indian industry adopts this, it would
enhance foreign exchange, and complete in the international market.
Disadvantage:
The implementation of this series of
standards is very much demanding on resources. The formulating and documenting
of the system is time consuming and expensive.
Assessment and registration are also
expensive.
Unless carefully interpreted and planned,
the system can become burdensome and expensive, quite often impending normal
operations.
The need to change attitudes and accept new
working practise may strain the management capability of the company beyond its
ability to cope.
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