25. Explain
the role of operator in the quality.
It will be interesting to ask the
questions, as to who is ultimately responsible for the quality, the management
or the operator? The answer will generally depend upon the quality situation of
the company. If the company is able to maintain good quality of their product,
the management may take the credit for it.
It is the management’s responsibility to
provide the operator with the necessary means by which he can exercise
effective control over the process.
This involves –
1.
The operator must know what he
is supposed to do.
2.
He must have means by which he
can know the results of his action.
3.
He must be able to regulate the
process, should the results be unsatisfactory.
26. What
are the causes of operator’s errors?
The operator’s errors result from three
main causative factors.
a.
Incompetence
b.
Lack of awareness
c.
Carelessness and lack of
interest
Incompetence
→operator can be
expected to achieve quality conformance only if he has the necessary skill some
operators may be able to achieve the quality targets consistently, while others
may not be able to maintain the required quality level in spite of their best
efforts. Once this deficiency has been identified the remedy lies in training
the operators to enable them to acquire necessary proficiency in their job.
Lack
of awareness
→There are some errors
which are made by the operators without their being aware of it. Such errors
can be minimized by making the process as fool-proof as possible. Use of jig
and fixtures which ensure that the job is correctly positioned for the
operation. In addition, certain devices may be incorporated in the process,
which provide a visual alarm when an error is made, so that the operators is
alerted in the time. Other measuring to reduce such errors are proper lighting,
clean working condition etc.
Carelessness
and lack of interest
→The majority of the
operator’s errors are caused by this factor. The main cause of his disinterest
is the lack of knowledge about the product. Seeming indifference on the part of
operators to the quality of product is not due to the fact that they want to
produce bad jobs. It is mainly due to ignorance and lack of understanding of
the implication of poor quality.
27. What
is zero defects?
→According to its
originator JAMES F. HALPIN
It is a concept which “promotes a constant,
conscious desire to do a job right the first time.”
It is essentially a management techniques
in which job is presented as a challenge to the individual worker.
28. What
is quality circle?
→Quality circle is a
small group of members working together who meet each other voluntarily with a
view to analysing and resolving work related problems.
The meetings are informal in nature but
held regularly.
The group consists of 7 to 10 members, who
meet each other at least once a week for one hour.
At the meetings they speak only about their
work and problems pertaining to it. The whole organisation is voluntary by
nature, nevertheless all the members are slightly motivated in their work.
29. What
are the elements of quality circle?
Top management
Steering committee
Coordinator
Facilitators
Leaders
Members
30. What
are the objectives of quality circle?
To improve quality and productivity of the
products.
Giving job satisfaction and improving
employee motivation
To develop a complete coherent problem
solving methodology within the organization.
To promote consciousness among workers
about quality, safety and cost of production.
31. Write
down the advantage and limitation of quality circle.
Advantage:
Promote high level of opportunity and
quality mindedness.
Self and mutual development of employees.
Creating team spirit and unit of action.
Increased motivation, job satisfaction and
pride in their work.
Waste and cost reduction.
Improved communication and safety.
Increased utilization of human resource potential.
Leadership development and trained staff.
Limitations:
The overall productivity may decrease
initially as the members turn from their daily work to the task of organising
themselves and undergoing training.
The chance of errors increase initially.
A large investment of time and money is
required for a concept that is essentially new and unproven in the
organisation’s context.
After circle implementation a period of
confusion may arise.
Changes in system and control may become
necessary.
32. Write
the full name of ISO.
I=INTERNATIONAL
S=STANDARDS
O=ORGANIZATION
33. What
is standardization?
→Standardization is
defined as the temporary crystallization of the best acceptable solution to
recurring problem, formulated in a scientific and systematic fashion by pooling
the knowledge of the all those who are concerned with the problem and is
subjected to review and revision by common consent.
